How to get from Khorog to Murghab

Traveling from Khorog to Murghab takes you across Tajikistan’s spectacular Pamir Highway, one of the world’s highest mountain roads. The approximately 310 km journey passes dramatic valleys, remote settlements, and high-altitude passes. Shared taxis, private 4×4 transfers, guided tours, and self-driving are the main options, with travel times depending heavily on road and weather conditions.
At A Glance (Khorog to Murghab)
| Mode | Duration | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| 🚙 Shared Taxi / Shared 4×4 (Pamir Highway) | ~7–10h driving (+ waiting) | Budget travelers, direct transport |
| 🏷️ Cost: Budget ~TJS 250–400 per person; locally negotiated, not a fixed tariff | ||
| 🚘 Private 4×4 Transfer (Direct M41) | ~6–8h (+ sightseeing stops) | Fastest, comfortable, flexible departure |
| 🏷️ Cost: From ~USD 460 per vehicle for a prearranged one-way 4×4 » see transfer details | ||
| 🏔️ Guided Pamir Highway Tour (Scenic Stops) | ~1–2 days via M41 | Sightseeing, photography, high-altitude scenery |
| 🏷️ Cost: Quote-based; allow ~USD 500–900+ per private vehicle for an extended 1–2-day itinerary, depending on inclusions | ||
| 🏞️ Private 4×4 via Wakhan Valley (Alternative Route) | ~2–3 days with sightseeing | Adventure, culture, scenic mountain routes |
| 🏷️ Cost: Quote-based; budget ~USD 800–1,500+ per private vehicle for a multi-day trip, depending on route and services | ||
| 🚗 Self-Drive Rental 4×4 (M41) | ~7–10h driving | Independent travelers, experienced drivers |
| 🏷️ Cost: ~USD 120–150 per day for a specialist 4×4 rental, plus fuel, permits, deposit and possible relocation fees | ||
| 🚴 Bicycle / Bikepacking (Pamir Highway) | ~4–7 days or longer | Experienced cyclists, slow adventure travel |
| 🏷️ Cost: No transport fare with your own bicycle; budget separately for meals, accommodation and equipment | ||
Which Option or Route Should You Choose?
- Fastest and most convenient: A private 4×4 transfer follows the main Pamir Highway (M41) and generally takes 6–8 hours when conditions are favorable. It is the easiest choice for travelers wanting a direct journey without waiting for other passengers.
- Cheapest and most economical: A shared taxi or shared 4×4 is usually the least expensive motorized option. Vehicles leave when enough passengers are available, so flexible departure times are essential.
- Best for photography and sightseeing: A guided Pamir Highway tour allows stops at Koitezek Pass, Bulunkul, Yashilkul, Alichur, and other scenic locations along or near the M41.
- Most scenic and adventurous route: A private 4×4 journey through the Wakhan Valley takes substantially longer but includes villages, historic sites, and views toward Afghanistan’s Hindu Kush mountains.
- Most independent: Renting a 4×4 offers control over departure times and stops, but requires mountain-driving experience, reliable navigation, and preparation for remote conditions.
- Best for long-distance adventure cyclists: Cycling the Pamir Highway is a challenging option involving high altitude, long climbs, gravel sections, and limited services between settlements.
How to Book and Practical Tips
- Arrange your GBAO permit: Foreign travelers generally need authorization to visit the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, which includes Khorog and Murghab. Check the official Tajikistan e-Visa portal and confirm the required permit before traveling.
- Book or arrange transport in Khorog: Shared vehicles are usually organized locally through taxi gathering points, the central bazaar area, and guesthouses. Private transfers should preferably be arranged in advance, particularly outside peak travel months.
- Expect challenging roads: The route crosses Koitezek Pass at approximately 4,270 m and includes exposed mountainous stretches. Snow, mud, landslides, and road repairs can significantly increase journey times or temporarily block travel.
- Prepare for altitude: Khorog sits around 2,100 m, while Murghab is approximately 3,600 m above sea level. The route climbs considerably higher. Allow time to acclimatize, stay hydrated, and seek medical advice if symptoms of altitude sickness develop.
- Carry enough cash: Bring Tajikistani somoni for shared taxis, guesthouses, meals, and small purchases. ATMs and card payments are unreliable in remote Pamir settlements, and US dollars may be useful for prearranged private-driver payments.
- Download offline maps: Mobile coverage is inconsistent across the high Pamirs. Download maps before departure, carry a power bank, and share your intended route and arrival plans with your accommodation.
- Pack food, water, and warm clothing: Shops and restaurants are scarce along some stretches. Even in summer, temperatures around the high passes can be cold, and travel delays are possible.
- Check seasonal conditions: Late spring through early autumn is generally preferable for road travel, but access depends on current weather. Winter and shoulder-season snow can make the high route dangerous or impassable. Confirm conditions locally immediately before departure.

🚙 Option 1 — Shared Taxi / Shared 4×4 (Cheapest and Most Popular)
Low cost Direct route Departure-dependent
- Overview: Shared taxis are the standard budget option for traveling from Khorog to Murghab. Most follow the M41 Pamir Highway through the Gunt Valley, Koitezek Pass, the Alichur Plateau, and onward to Murghab. The journey covers approximately 310 km and generally takes 7–10 hours of driving, although poor roads and weather can extend the trip. Shared vehicles are commonly 4x4s or other locally available vehicles suitable for mountain roads. Departures depend on demand rather than a reliable fixed timetable.
- How to book (with price): Ask at Khorog’s central bazaar area, local shared-taxi gathering points, or your guesthouse for a Murghab-bound vehicle. Some drivers can be contacted through accommodation owners who know the local transport network. Allow approximately TJS 250–400 per person as a planning budget, but confirm the current fare locally because there is no dependable published tariff. Vehicles typically depart when enough passengers are available.
- Pros: More affordable than private transport, direct connection between Khorog and Murghab, and an opportunity to travel alongside local residents. Cons: Unpredictable departure times, potentially crowded seating, limited luggage space, few sightseeing stops, and possible delays if there are insufficient passengers.
Step-by-step: Shared Taxi from Khorog to Murghab
- Ask about departure arrangements: Visit your guesthouse reception or the central bazaar area in Khorog one day before traveling. Ask where Murghab-bound shared vehicles are currently collecting passengers.
- Confirm the vehicle and destination: Tell the driver you are traveling to Murghab, also spelled Murgab or Murghob. Check that the vehicle is traveling directly along the M41 rather than through the Wakhan Valley.
- Negotiate and confirm the fare: Ask the price per person, how much luggage is included, when the vehicle is expected to depart, and whether payment is collected before or after the journey.
- Arrive early: Be at the agreed pickup point in the morning. Shared vehicles often leave when full, and the next available departure may not be until much later or another day.
- Leave Khorog through the Gunt Valley: The route heads east from Khorog, following the Gunt River through mountain valleys and small settlements.
- Cross Koitezek Pass: The road climbs to approximately 4,270 m, where weather can change quickly. Expect rough surfaces and slower travel through high-altitude terrain.
- Continue across the Alichur Plateau: The route passes the Bulunkul turn-off and Alichur area, with open mountain landscapes and occasional herds of grazing livestock.
- Reach Murghab: Most shared vehicles finish in or near the town center. Ask the driver to identify the best stopping point for your guesthouse.
Getting to the main departure points (Khorog Central Bazaar and Shared Taxi Area)
- Khorog Central Bazaar: This is a practical starting point for asking about intercity shared taxis. Confirm the actual loading location with local drivers or market vendors because departure points can change.
- Khorog guesthouses: Many accommodation owners can contact shared-taxi drivers and help arrange a pickup or direct you to the correct transport gathering point.
- Khorog town center: Travelers staying near the central commercial streets can generally reach local transport meeting points on foot or by a short taxi ride.
- Murghab arrival: Confirm whether the vehicle terminates at the bazaar, a transport stand, or another location in town. Guesthouses may be within walking distance, depending on your final stop.
- Locations/Trip Planner: 🔗 Google Map / 🔗 OpenStreetMap
🚘 Option 2 — Private 4×4 Transfer via M41 (Fastest and Most Convenient)
Door-to-door Flexible departure Higher cost
- Overview: A private 4×4 with an experienced local driver is the most convenient way to travel from Khorog to Murghab. The direct route follows the M41 through Koitezek Pass and Alichur, covering approximately 310 km in 6–8 hours under favorable conditions. Private transportation allows travelers to stop for photographs, take rest breaks, and adjust departure times without waiting for other passengers.
- How to book (with price): Arrange a private vehicle through a Pamir tour operator, local guesthouse, or specialist transport company. A published one-way 4×4 transfer is available from approximately USD 460 per vehicle through RideTJ’s Khorog to Murghab transfer service. Travelers can also request quotations through GetTransfer, although confirmed coverage on this remote route should not be assumed. Check whether the fare includes fuel, driver expenses, return travel, and luggage. Conventional ride-hailing apps such as Yandex Go should not be relied upon for intercity pickups in Khorog or Murghab.
- Pros: Comfortable, direct, flexible departure, space for luggage, stops for photographs, and no need to wait for a full shared vehicle. Cons: Considerably more expensive than shared transportation, and availability may be limited during winter or severe weather.
Step-by-step: Private 4×4 Transfer
- Request a transfer: Contact a local driver or specialist transport company and provide your travel date, passenger count, luggage requirements, and intended Murghab accommodation.
- Confirm the direct M41 route: Specify that you want to travel through Koitezek Pass and Alichur rather than taking the longer Wakhan Valley alternative.
- Agree on the total price: Confirm whether the quotation includes fuel, driver return expenses, waiting time, and optional sightseeing stops.
- Arrange pickup in Khorog: Most private drivers can collect passengers from a hotel or guesthouse in town. An early-morning departure is recommended.
- Travel through the Gunt Valley: Leave Khorog heading east along the M41, passing scenic river valleys and mountain settlements.
- Cross Koitezek Pass: Ascend to the high mountain pass, approximately 4,270 m above sea level. Brief photographic stops may be possible if the weather and road conditions permit.
- Continue toward Alichur: Travel across the high plateau, passing the junction for Bulunkul and Yashilkul. Optional lake detours require advance agreement and additional time.
- Arrive in Murghab: Your driver can take you directly to your accommodation or another agreed destination in town.
Getting to the main departure points (Khorog Hotels and Town Center)
- Khorog hotels and guesthouses: Private transfers can normally begin directly at your accommodation if the access road is suitable for a vehicle.
- Khorog Central Bazaar: Travelers without a fixed pickup location can arrange to meet their driver at an identifiable central landmark.
- Khorog Airport area: Travelers already in the airport vicinity can arrange a road transfer from a designated pickup point. There is no need to return to the bazaar if a private driver has been booked.
- Murghab guesthouses: Give the driver the property name, local telephone number, and map location when available, as addresses can be informal.
- Locations/Trip Planner: 🔗 Google Map / 🔗 OpenStreetMap
🏔️ Option 3 — Guided Pamir Highway Tour (Best for Sightseeing)
Scenic stops Local driver Flexible itinerary
- Overview: A guided journey along the M41 is ideal for travelers who want to explore the landscapes between Khorog and Murghab rather than simply reaching the destination. The main road crosses Koitezek Pass and the high Alichur Plateau. Depending on the itinerary and road conditions, travelers may also visit Bulunkul village, Yashilkul Lake, and scenic viewpoints. Allow one full day for the direct route with limited stops or two days for more relaxed sightseeing and side trips.
- How to book (with price): Ask local Pamir travel agencies or guesthouses for a private 4×4 tour with a driver-guide. As a broad planning allowance, USD 500–900 or more per vehicle may be needed for a customized one- or two-day itinerary, depending on driving distance, accommodation, meals, and included services. Request a written quotation before booking. Travelers can explore Pamir Highway sightseeing tours for available guided excursions, although not every tour includes a Khorog-to-Murghab transfer.
- Pros: More time for sightseeing, local knowledge, photography opportunities, and assistance with navigating remote mountain roads. Cons: Higher cost than shared transport, possible extra charges for side trips, and more travel time if visiting remote attractions.
Step-by-step: Guided Pamir Highway Tour
- Choose an itinerary: Decide whether you want a single-day transfer with scenic stops or a two-day journey including Bulunkul, Yashilkul, and other destinations.
- Arrange a local guide and 4×4: Contact a Khorog-based tour operator or ask your guesthouse to recommend an experienced Pamir driver.
- Depart Khorog: Leave early and travel east along the M41 through the Gunt Valley, with optional stops at viewpoints and settlements.
- Cross Koitezek Pass: Continue through high mountain scenery at approximately 4,270 m. Stops should remain brief if passengers are not acclimatized to the altitude.
- Visit Bulunkul and Yashilkul if arranged: Turn off the M41 toward the lakes. The detour requires additional driving on rough roads and may be unsuitable in poor weather.
- Explore the Alichur Plateau: Continue across the high-altitude plain, stopping for landscape photography and local cultural experiences where appropriate.
- Stay overnight if needed: A two-day itinerary may include a homestay in Bulunkul or Alichur. Confirm heating, meals, and overnight arrangements in advance.
- Continue to Murghab: Finish the journey through the eastern Pamirs and arrive at your guesthouse or a designated town-center location.
Getting to the main departure points (Khorog Tour Operators and Guesthouses)
- Khorog town center: Travel operators and accommodation providers can help organize guided trips, arrange drivers, and identify available vehicles.
- Khorog guesthouses: Many local homestays can introduce guests to drivers familiar with the road toward Murghab.
- Bulunkul and Yashilkul turn-off: These are optional sightseeing destinations reached from the M41. Do not expect regular public transport or dependable roadside services at the junction.
- Alichur: This high-altitude settlement can serve as an intermediate stop or overnight destination when accommodation is available.
- Locations/Trip Planner: 🔗 Google Map / 🔗 OpenStreetMap
🏞️ Option 4 — Private 4×4 via Wakhan Valley (Most Scenic Alternative)
Cultural stops Scenic adventure Remote roads
- Overview: The Wakhan Valley route is a longer alternative to the direct M41 highway. Instead of heading east from Khorog through Koitezek Pass, travelers head south toward Ishkashim and continue east along the Panj River, with views across the border into Afghanistan. The journey commonly passes through the Wakhan Corridor area, including villages such as Yamg and Langar, before climbing toward Khargush Pass and reconnecting with the M41 near the Alichur Plateau. Allow approximately 2–3 days, or longer for sightseeing, depending on the exact route and current road accessibility.
- How to book (with price): Arrange a private 4×4 with a driver experienced in the Wakhan Valley and eastern Pamirs. Budget approximately USD 800–1,500 or more per vehicle as a broad allowance for a multi-day private journey, with the final quotation dependent on distance, driver expenses, accommodation, and sightseeing stops. Some travelers can reduce costs by sharing a vehicle with others. Confirm that the route through Khargush Pass is open and that all necessary GBAO and additional restricted-area permissions are covered.
- Pros: Spectacular views of the Hindu Kush, traditional Pamiri villages, cultural landmarks, historic fortresses, and a memorable off-the-beaten-path journey. Cons: Longer travel time, rough and remote roads, higher expense, limited accommodation, and possible seasonal or security-related access restrictions.
Step-by-step: Khorog to Murghab via Wakhan Valley
- Arrange a suitable private vehicle: Book a 4×4 with a local driver familiar with the Wakhan route. Verify road conditions, accommodation availability, and permit requirements.
- Depart Khorog for Ishkashim: Travel south along the Panj River toward the Wakhan Valley, passing mountain settlements and viewpoints overlooking Afghanistan.
- Continue through the Wakhan villages: Depending on your itinerary, stop near historic settlements, traditional villages, and cultural attractions such as the Yamchun Fortress area.
- Explore the Yamg and Langar area: Continue through the upper Wakhan Valley, where the landscape becomes more rugged and remote.
- Turn toward Khargush Pass: From the Langar area, the route climbs away from the river valley toward the high Pamir Plateau. This is a demanding stretch requiring suitable road conditions and a capable vehicle.
- Join the M41 near the Alichur Plateau: Once the route reconnects with the Pamir Highway, continue toward Alichur. Optional lake detours may be possible if arranged in advance.
- Continue toward Murghab: Follow the main highway northeast across open high-altitude terrain.
- Arrive in Murghab: Complete the journey at your accommodation. Plan an extra day of flexibility in case weather or road conditions delay the crossing.
Getting to the main departure points (Khorog and Wakhan Valley Route)
- Khorog guesthouses: The most practical place to arrange a private vehicle and confirm whether the Wakhan Valley route is currently accessible.
- Khorog town center: Arrange pickup from a recognizable landmark or your accommodation, then head south toward Ishkashim.
- Ishkashim: A major intermediate settlement on the Wakhan route. Travelers may stop here for supplies or accommodation depending on the itinerary.
- Langar and Khargush Pass: These mark the transition from the Wakhan Valley toward the eastern Pamir Plateau. The road is remote and should only be attempted with reliable transport and confirmed access.
- Locations/Trip Planner: 🔗 Google Map / 🔗 OpenStreetMap
🚗 Option 5 — Self-Drive Rental 4×4 (Maximum Independence)
Independent travel Flexible stops Experienced drivers
- Overview: Self-driving from Khorog to Murghab allows travelers to explore the Pamir Highway at their own pace. The approximately 310 km direct route follows the M41 through Koitezek Pass and Alichur. Allow 7–10 hours of driving, potentially much longer in difficult conditions. A capable 4×4 is strongly recommended because of uneven surfaces, altitude, weather exposure, and the possibility of road damage. Reliable rental vehicles are more commonly arranged through specialist operators based in Dushanbe than through conventional car-rental desks in Khorog.
- How to book (with price): Contact a specialist Tajikistan 4×4 rental operator and confirm whether vehicle delivery or pickup in Khorog is possible. Published planning rates for suitable vehicles can be approximately USD 120–150 per day, often excluding fuel and relocation charges. Deposits, additional driver requirements, insurance restrictions, and administrative fees may apply. If beginning your broader trip in Dushanbe, renting there may offer more options. Verify the rental contract permits travel throughout GBAO and covers the intended route.
- Pros: Complete schedule flexibility, independence, freedom to stop at viewpoints, and the ability to explore surrounding areas. Cons: Expensive for a one-way trip, limited local rental availability, demanding road conditions, mechanical risks, and potentially substantial vehicle recovery costs.
Step-by-step: Self-Drive from Khorog to Murghab
- Arrange a suitable 4×4: Reserve a vehicle with adequate ground clearance, a spare tire, basic recovery equipment, and sufficient fuel capacity.
- Verify driving documents: Confirm your driving license, any applicable international driving permit, GBAO authorization, and the rental company’s vehicle documents meet local requirements.
- Prepare in Khorog: Refuel, check tire pressure, inspect the brakes and cooling system, and purchase food and drinking water before departure.
- Download offline navigation: Save the M41 route and major landmarks, including Koitezek Pass, Alichur, and Murghab. Do not rely on mobile data.
- Depart early: Head east from Khorog through the Gunt Valley, leaving enough daylight for the mountainous sections.
- Cross Koitezek Pass carefully: Drive slowly on rough or damaged sections, watch for changing weather, and avoid stopping unnecessarily in exposed high-altitude areas.
- Continue across the plateau: Follow the M41 past the Bulunkul junction and Alichur, maintaining adequate fuel reserves.
- Reach Murghab: Locate your accommodation, arrange safe parking, and refuel where possible before any onward journey toward Karakul or Kyrgyzstan.
Getting to the main departure points (Khorog Rental Pickup and M41)
- Khorog rental handover: Specialist operators may arrange delivery to a hotel or agreed location, but this must be confirmed before booking.
- Khorog town center: A convenient location for buying supplies, organizing paperwork, and preparing for the mountain drive.
- Khorog fuel stations: Refuel before leaving the town area because reliable fuel supplies become less frequent farther east.
- Murghab: Confirm the rental return location if undertaking a one-way journey. Vehicle relocation may be expensive or unavailable.
- Locations/Trip Planner: 🔗 Google Map / 🔗 OpenStreetMap
🚴 Option 6 — Bicycle / Bikepacking (Ultimate Adventure)
Low transport cost Scenic journey High altitude
- Overview: Cycling the Pamir Highway from Khorog to Murghab is a challenging but rewarding adventure for experienced touring cyclists. The roughly 310 km route follows the M41 through the Gunt Valley, Koitezek Pass, and Alichur Plateau. The journey involves significant climbing, high-altitude exposure, rough road surfaces, and long sections without reliable shops or accommodation. Many experienced cyclists allow approximately 4–7 days, while those requiring more rest or acclimatization may need longer.
- How to book (with price): No transport ticket is necessary if traveling with your own bicycle. Budget for food, guesthouses, spare parts, and any emergency transport. Basic accommodation and meals in remote settlements may cost approximately USD 15–35 per person per night, depending on availability and inclusions. A suitable touring bicycle is preferable to relying on rental availability in Khorog. Travelers considering guided support should obtain separate quotations from Pamir adventure operators.
- Pros: Full independence, memorable scenery, low transport costs when using your own bicycle, and a distinctive adventure experience. Cons: Extreme physical demands, high-altitude sickness risk, cold weather, limited resupply opportunities, and potentially dangerous exposure during storms or mechanical breakdowns.
Step-by-step: Cycling the Pamir Highway
- Prepare in Khorog: Inspect your bicycle, carry spare tubes, a repair kit, reliable tires, sufficient food, and water capacity. Purchase essential supplies before leaving.
- Allow time for acclimatization: The route climbs from approximately 2,100 m in Khorog to well above 4,000 m. Plan appropriate rest and acclimatization rather than rushing toward the high passes.
- Begin along the Gunt Valley: Cycle east from Khorog following the M41. The initial valley sections provide opportunities to adjust your pace before the higher climbs.
- Climb toward Koitezek Pass: Expect a demanding ascent to approximately 4,270 m. Carry warm and waterproof clothing, as high-altitude weather can deteriorate rapidly.
- Descend toward the Alichur Plateau: Continue across the remote highlands, taking care on loose gravel and rough surfaces.
- Arrange overnight stops: Depending on your progress, settlements such as Alichur may provide homestay opportunities. Do not assume accommodation or supplies will be available at every roadside location.
- Continue northeast toward Murghab: Follow the main highway across the open plateau, keeping an eye on weather, water supplies, and daylight.
- Arrive in Murghab: Rest, replenish supplies, and check road conditions before continuing toward Karakul Lake or other Pamir destinations.
Getting to the main departure points (Khorog Town and Pamir Highway)
- Khorog town center: A practical starting point for cyclists to buy supplies, check equipment, and arrange accommodation before departure.
- Khorog guesthouses: Some accommodations can provide local road information and help identify mechanics or transport options if needed.
- M41 eastern exit: Follow the Pamir Highway east from Khorog through the Gunt Valley toward Koitezek Pass.
- Alichur and Murghab: These settlements are important resupply and accommodation points, but travelers should confirm available services before depending on them.
- Locations/Trip Planner: 🔗 Google Map / 🔗 OpenStreetMap
FAQ (Khorog to Murghab)
How far is Murghab from Khorog?
Murghab is approximately 310 km northeast of Khorog via the main Pamir Highway (M41). The journey crosses Koitezek Pass and the Alichur Plateau. Depending on road conditions, travel generally takes around 6–10 hours by vehicle, excluding extended sightseeing stops.
What is the cheapest way to travel from Khorog to Murghab?
A shared taxi or shared 4×4 is normally the cheapest motorized option. As a planning allowance, budget around TJS 250–400 per person, but confirm the actual fare in Khorog. Shared vehicles generally leave when enough passengers are available, and there is no dependable daily timetable.
Do I need a GBAO permit to travel from Khorog to Murghab?
Yes, foreign travelers generally need a GBAO permit to travel within this region of Tajikistan. Both Khorog and Murghab are located in the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region. Eligible travelers can request the permit through Tajikistan’s official e-Visa system, while other applicants may need to arrange authorization through the appropriate Tajik authorities. Keep your passport and permit accessible for checkpoints.
Is the road from Khorog to Murghab safe?
The Pamir Highway is a remote mountain road with rough surfaces, steep sections, extreme altitude, and limited roadside services. Travel is generally more practical during favorable weather in the warmer months. Landslides, snowfall, flooding, and road damage can cause closures or delays. Using an experienced local driver and checking current conditions before departure are strongly recommended.
Can I travel from Khorog to Murghab in winter?
Winter travel can be extremely difficult because of snow, ice, high winds, and the risk of road closures around Koitezek Pass. Some journeys may still be possible when the road is open, but travelers should not assume year-round access. A capable 4×4, experienced driver, emergency supplies, and flexibility are essential.
Is there a direct bus or flight from Khorog to Murghab?
There is no dependable scheduled direct bus or commercial flight service connecting Khorog and Murghab. Shared taxis and private 4×4 vehicles are the main practical choices. Khorog has an airport, but its limited air services do not provide a regular direct connection to Murghab.










